. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

, References

H. Abdul-razzak and S. J. Ghan, Parameterization of the influence of organic surfactants on aerosol activation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.64, issue.21, 2004.
DOI : 10.1515/zpch-1908-6425

S. Anquetin, E. Yates, V. Ducrocq, S. Samouillan, K. Chancibault et al., flash flood event in France: a and AMMA / SOP-3: Absolute vertical vorticity budget, Mon. Weather Rev, vol.138, pp.1420-1445, 2002.

C. Augros, O. Caumont, V. Ducrocq, N. Gaussiat, P. Tabary et al., Comparisons between S-, C- and X-band polarimetric radar observations and convective-scale simulations of the HyMeX first special observing period, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.39, pp.347-362, 2016.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1514:SAOPVA>2.0.CO;2

P. Aumond, V. Masson, C. Lac, B. Gauvreau, S. Dupont et al., Including the Drag Effects of Canopies: Real Case Large-Eddy Simulation Studies, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.123, issue.1, pp.65-80, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10546-006-9142-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00915766

A. Baklanov, K. Schlünzen, P. Suppan, J. Baldasano, D. Brunner et al., Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.14, issue.1, pp.317-398, 2014.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-12-3219-2012

J. Balbi, J. Rossi, T. Marcelli, and P. Santoni, A 3D PHYSICAL REAL-TIME MODEL OF SURFACE FIRES ACROSS FUEL BEDS, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.179, issue.12, pp.2511-2537, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/0360-1285(91)90003-6

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00603379

A. J. Baran, P. Hill, K. Furtado, P. Field, and J. Manners, A Coupled Cloud Physics???Radiation Parameterization of the Bulk Optical Properties of Cirrus and Its Impact on the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 5.0 Configuration, Journal of Climate, vol.27, issue.20, pp.7725-7752, 2014.
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00700.1

M. C. Barth, S. Kim, C. Wang, K. E. Pickering, L. E. Ott et al., , pp.7-4709, 2007.

C. Barthe and J. Pinty, Simulation of a supercellular storm using a three-dimensional mesoscale model with an explicit lightning flash scheme, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.D10, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.882670

C. Barthe and J. Pinty, Simulation of electrified storms with comparison of the charge structure and lightning efficiency, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.32, issue.12, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2006JD008241

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00564809

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

C. Barthe, J. Pinty, M. , and C. , Lightning-produced NOx in an explicit electrical scheme: a STERAO case study, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, pp.10-1029, 2007.

C. Barthe, M. Chong, J. Pinty, C. Bovalo, and J. Escobar, CELLS v1.0: updated and parallelized version of an electrical scheme to simulate multiple electrified clouds and flashes over large domains, Geoscientific Model Development, vol.5, issue.1, pp.167-184, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD00941

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00767540

C. Barthe, M. Chong, J. Pinty, C. Bovalo, and J. Escobar, CELLS v1.0: updated and parallelized version of an electrical scheme to simulate multiple electrified clouds and flashes over large domains, Geosci. Model Dev, pp.167-184, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00767540

C. Barthe, T. Hoarau, and C. Bovalo, Cloud electrification and lightning activity in a tropical cyclone-like vortex, Atmospheric Research, vol.180, pp.297-309, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.05.023

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330739

C. Barthe, T. Hoarau, and C. Bovalo, Cloud electrification and lightning activity in a tropical cyclone-like vortex, Atmospheric Research, vol.180, pp.297-309, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.05.023

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330739

C. Barthlott, R. Burton, D. Kirshbaum, K. Hanley, E. Richard et al., Initiation of deep convection at marginal instability in an ensemble of mesoscale models: a case-study from COPS, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.89, issue.S1, pp.118-136, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2008BAMS2367.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00554852

P. Bechtold, J. Redelsperger, I. Beau, M. Blackburn, S. Brinkop et al., A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.45, issue.564, pp.865-888, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996.t01-1-00006.x

P. Bechtold, J. Chaboureau, A. Beljaars, A. K. Betts, M. Köhler et al., The simulation of the diurnal cycle of convective precipitation over land in a global model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.54, issue.604, pp.3119-3137, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.103

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00268052

P. Bègue, P. Tulet, J. Chaboureau, G. Roberts, L. Gomes et al., Long-range transport of Saharan dust over northwestern Europe during EUCAARI 2008 campaign: Evolution of dust optical properties by scavenging, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.108, issue.D14, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002775

P. Bègue, P. Tulet, J. Pelon, B. Aouizerats, A. Berger et al., Aerosol processing and CCN formation of an intense of Meso-NH and WRF/CHEM simulated gas and aerosol chemistry over Europe based on hourly observations, Atmos. Res, pp.176-177, 2016.

A. Berger, M. Leriche, L. Deguillaume, C. Mari, P. Tulet et al., Modeling Formation of SOA from Cloud Chemistry with the Meso-NH Model: Sensitivity Studies of Cloud Events Formed at the Puy de Dôme Station, in: Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIV, pp.37-41, 2016.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

T. Bergot, J. Escobar, and V. Masson, Effect of small-scale surface heterogeneities and buildings on radiation fog: Large-eddy simulation study at Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.32, issue.686, pp.285-298, 2015.
DOI : 10.1029/2005GL022423

A. Betts, Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.3, issue.419, pp.178-196, 1973.
DOI : 10.1029/RG003i003p00387

F. S. Binkowski and U. Shankar, The Regional Particulate Matter Model: 1. Model description and preliminary results, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.12, issue.3, pp.191-217, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-6981(78)90196-8

P. Bougeault, Modeling the Trade-Wind Cumulus Boundary Layer. Part I: Testing the Ensemble Cloud Relations Against Numerical Data, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.38, issue.11
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<2414:MTTWCB>2.0.CO;2

. Atmos and . Sci, , pp.2414-2428, 1981.

P. Bougeault, Cloud-Ensemble Relations Based on the Gamma Probability Distribution for the Higher-Order Models of the Planetary Boundary Layer, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.39, issue.12, pp.2691-2700, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<2691:CERBOT>2.0.CO;2

P. Bougeault and P. Lacarrère, Parameterization of orography-induced turbulence in a meso-beta scale model, Wea. Rev, vol.117, pp.1870-1888, 1989.

M. Bouin, J. Redelsperger, L. Brossier, and C. , Processes leading to deep convection and sensitivity to sea-state representation during HyMeX IOP8 heavy precipitation event, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.142, issue.707, 2017.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.2660

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/meteo-02108929

N. Bousserez, J. L. Attié, V. H. Peuch, M. Michou, G. Pfister et al., Evaluation of MOCAGE chemistry and transport model during the ICARTT/ITOP experiment Evaluation of MOCAGE chemistry and transport model during the ICARTT/ITOP experiment, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, 2007.

A. Bozzo, A. Benedetti, S. Remy, P. Bechtold, M. Rodwell et al., Implementation of a CAMS-based aerosol climatology in 20 the IFS, 2016.

M. Bravo, T. Mira, M. R. Soler, C. , and J. , Intercomparison and evaluation of MM5 and Meso-NH mesoscale models in the stable boundary layer, Bound.-Layer. Meteor, pp.77-101, 2008.

P. Brousseau, Y. Seity, D. Ricard, and J. Léger, Improvement of the forecast of convective activity from the AROME-France system, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.23, issue.699, pp.2231-2243, 2016.
DOI : 10.1175/2007WAF2007005.1

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

J. Chaboureau and J. Pinty, Validation of a cirrus parameterization with Meteosat Second Generation observations, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.110, issue.19
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1261

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068840

. Lett, , 1029.

J. Chaboureau, J. Cammas, P. J. Mascart, J. Pinty, and J. Lafore, Mesoscale model cloud scheme assessment using satellite observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.55, issue.D16, 1029.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<1613:SIRRWA>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2001JD000714

J. Chaboureau, N. Söhne, J. Pinty, I. Meirold-mautner, E. Defer et al., A midlatitude http, 2011.

J. Chaboureau, C. Flamant, T. Dauhut, C. Kocha, J. Lafore et al., Fennec dust forecast intercomparison over the Sahara, pp.6977-699510, 2011.

J. Chang, R. Brost, I. Isaksen, S. Madronich, P. Middleton et al., A three-dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: Physical concepts and formulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.21, issue.62, pp.681-695, 1987.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<1594:AHRMOT>2.0.CO;2

T. L. Clark and R. Farley, Severe Downslope Windstorm Calculations in Two and Three Spatial Dimensions Using Anelastic Interactive Grid Nesting: A Possible Mechanism for Gustiness, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.41, issue.3, pp.329-350, 1984.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0329:SDWCIT>2.0.CO;2

C. B. Clements, B. E. Potter, and S. Zhong, fluxes within a prescribed grass fire, International Journal of Wildland Fire, vol.15, issue.3, pp.299-306, 2006.
DOI : 10.1071/WF05101

URL : http://www.met.sjsu.edu/~clements/papers/clements_IJWF.pdf

J. Cohard and J. Pinty, A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. I: Description and tests

, Meteor. Soc, vol.126, pp.1815-1842, 2000.

J. Cohard and J. Pinty, A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. II: 2D experiments with a non-hydrostatic model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.38, issue.566, pp.1843-1859, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1728:POBCIN>2.0.CO;2

P. Colella and P. R. Woodward, The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.54, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(84)90143-8

URL : https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt5sr307f1/qt5sr307f1.pdf?t=p0i4wh

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

F. Couvreux, R. Roehrig, C. Rio, M. Lefebvre, M. Caian et al., Representation of daytime moist convection over the semi-arid Tropics by parametrizations used in climate and meteorological models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.129, issue.691, pp.2220-2236, 2015.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0784:TDCITT>2.0.CO;2

V. Crassier, K. Suhre, P. Tulet, R. , and R. , Development of a reduced chemical scheme for use in mesoscale meteorological models, Atmospheric Environment, vol.34, issue.16, pp.2633-2644, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00480-X

J. Cuxart and M. A. Jiménez, Mixing Processes in a Nocturnal Low-Level Jet: An LES Study, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.64, issue.5, pp.1666-1679, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS3903.1

J. Cuxart, P. Bougeault, and J. Redelsperger, A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.28, issue.2, pp.1-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8

J. Cuxart, C. Yague, G. Morales, E. Terradellas, J. Orbe et al., Stable Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLES 98): A Report, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.7, issue.3, pp.337-370, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S0954102095000587

J. Cuxart, A. A. Holtslag, R. J. Beare, E. Bazile, A. Beljaars et al., Single-Column Model Intercomparison for a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Single-column model intercomparison for a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, pp.273-303, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112001005778

URL : http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/78588.pdf

C. L. Daleu, R. S. Plant, S. J. Woolnough, S. Sessions, M. J. Herman et al., Intercomparison of methods of coupling between convection and large-scale circulation: 1. Comparison over uniform surface conditions, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol.25, issue.48, pp.1576-160110, 2016.
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00399.1

URL : https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015MS000468

C. L. Daleu, R. S. Plant, S. J. Woolnough, S. Sessions, M. J. Herman et al., Intercomparison of methods of coupling between convection and large-scale circulation: 2. Comparison over nonuniform surface conditions, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol.128, issue.1, pp.387-40510, 2016.
DOI : 10.1256/003590002321042117

URL : https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015MS000468

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

J. W. Deardorff, Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, pp.495-527, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00119502

L. Debreu, F. Auclair, R. Benshila, X. Capet, F. Dumas et al., Multiresolution in CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model), in: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p.15272, 2016.

E. Defer, J. Pinty, S. Coquillat, J. Martin, S. Prieur et al., Regional transport and dilution during high-pollution episodes in southern France: Summary of findings from the Field Experiment to Constraint Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Emissions Transport (ESCOMPTE), J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, pp.13-10410, 2007.

V. Ducrocq, D. Ricard, J. Lafore, and F. Orain, Storm-Scale Numerical Rainfall Prediction for Five Precipitating Events over France: On the Importance of the Initial Humidity Field, SSNRPF>2.0.CO, pp.1236-12561520, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<1236:SSNRPF>2.0.CO;2

V. Ducrocq, I. Braud, S. Davolio, R. Ferretti, C. Flamant et al., HyMeX-SOP1: The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.95, issue.7, pp.1083-1100, 2014.
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00244.2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00907518

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

L. K. Emmons, S. Walters, P. G. Hess, J. Lamarque, G. G. Pfister et al., Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, pp.43-67, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00452711

B. Ervens, C. George, J. E. Williams, G. V. Buxton, G. A. Salmon et al.,

Y. Fouquart, Radiative Transfer in Climate Models, pp.223-283, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3041-4_5

Y. Fouquart and B. Bonnel, Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere-A new parameterization, Beitraege zur Physik der Atmosphaere, pp.35-62, 1980.

A. M. Fridlind, A. S. Ackerman, J. Chaboureau, J. Fan, W. W. Grabowski et al.,

O. Geoffroy, J. Brenguier, and I. Sandu, Relationship between drizzle rate, liquid water path and droplet concentration at the scale of a stratocumulus cloud system, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.8, issue.16, pp.4641-4654, 2008.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-8-4641-2008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328313

M. Georgelin, P. Bougeault, T. Black, N. Brzovic, A. Buzzi et al., The second COMPARE exercise: A model intercomparison using a

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

F. Gheusi and J. Stein, Lagrangian description of airflows using Eulerian passive tracers, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.31, issue.579, pp.337-360, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(79)90051-2

F. Gheusi, J. Stein, and O. Eiff, A numerical study of three-dimensional orographic gravity-wave breaking observed in a hydraulic tank, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.410, pp.67-99, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112099008009

J. Golaz, V. E. Larson, and W. R. Cotton, A PDF-Based Model for Boundary Layer Clouds. Part I: Method and Model Description, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.59, issue.24, pp.3540-3551, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3540:APBMFB>2.0.CO;2

J. Golaz, V. E. Larson, and W. R. Cotton, A PDF-Based Model for Boundary Layer Clouds. Part II: Model Results, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.59, issue.24, pp.3552-3571, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3552:APBMFB>2.0.CO;2

G. Grell, J. Dudhia, and D. Stauffer, A description of the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), 1995.

R. J. Griffin, D. Dabdub, and J. H. Seinfeld, Secondary organic aerosol 1. Atmospheric chemical mechanism for production of molecular constituents, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.34, issue.D17, 1029.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006254930583

R. J. Griffin, K. Nguyen, D. Dabdub, and J. H. Seinfeld, A coupled hydrophobic-hydrophilic model for predicting secondary organic aerosol formation, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.44, issue.2, pp.171-190, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022436813699

A. Grini, P. Tulet, and L. Gomes, Dusty weather forecasts using the MesoNH mesoscale atmospheric model, D19 205, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1261

A. Guenther, X. Jiang, C. Heald, T. Sakulyanontvittaya, T. Duhl et al., The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2. 1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, 2012.

F. Guichard and F. Couvreux, A short review of numerical cloud-resolving models, Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 2017.

F. Guichard, J. C. Petch, J. Redelsperger, P. Bechtold, J. Chaboureau et al., Modelling the diurnal cycle of deep precipitating convection over land with cloud-resolving models and single-column models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.107, issue.604, pp.3139-3172, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.145

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00268053

A. Hally, O. Caumont, L. Garrote, E. Richard, A. Weerts et al.,

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

J. Hidalgo, V. Masson, and C. Baehr, From daily climatic scenarios to hourly atmospheric forcing fields to force Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere transfer models, Frontiers in Environmental Science, vol.50, p.40, 2014.
DOI : 10.2208/prohe.50.31

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139882

R. J. Hogan and A. Bozzo, ECRAD: A new radiation scheme for the IFS, 2016.

R. J. Hogan and J. K. Shonk, Incorporating the Effects of 3D Radiative Transfer in the Presence of Clouds into Two-Stream Multilayer Radiation Schemes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.70, issue.2, pp.708-724, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-12-041.1

F. Hourdin, F. Couvreux, and L. Menut, Parameterization of the Dry Convective Boundary Layer Based on a Mass Flux Representation of Thermals, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.59, issue.6, pp.1105-1123, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1105:POTDCB>2.0.CO;2

P. Jabouille, R. Guivarch, P. Kloos, D. Gazen, N. Gicquel et al., Parallelization of the French Meteorological Mesoscale Model M??soNH, Parallelization of the French meteorological mesoscale model MesoNH, pp.1417-1422, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48311-X_199

F. Jakub and B. Mayer, A three-dimensional parallel radiative transfer model for atmospheric heating rates for use in cloud resolving models???The TenStream solver, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.163, pp.63-71, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.05.003

A. Jam, F. Hourdin, C. Rio, C. , and F. , Resolved Versus Parametrized Boundary-Layer Plumes. Part III: Derivation of a Statistical Scheme for Cumulus Clouds, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.40, issue.3, pp.421-441, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<0091:SONDFB>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099391

J. S. Kain and J. M. Fritsch, A One-Dimensional Entraining/Detraining Plume Model and Its Application in Convective Parameterization, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.47, issue.23, pp.2784-2802, 1990.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2784:AODEPM>2.0.CO;2

M. Khairoutdinov and Y. Kogan, A New Cloud Physics Parameterization in a Large-Eddy Simulation Model of Marine Stratocumulus, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.1, pp.229-243, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0229:ANCPPI>2.0.CO;2

C. Klinger, B. Mayer, F. Jakub, T. Zinner, S. Park et al., Effects of 3-D thermal radiation on the development of a shallow cumulus cloud field, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.17, issue.8, pp.5477-5500, 2017.
DOI : 10.1007/s00703-008-0290-y

H. Köhler, The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets, Transactions of the Faraday Society, pp.1152-1161, 1936.

M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, and L. Pirjola, Parameterizations for sulfuric acid/water nucleation rates, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.94, issue.D7, pp.8301-8307, 1998.
DOI : 10.1063/1.460262

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

M. J. Kurowski, W. W. Grabowski, and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, Anelastic and Compressible Simulation of Moist Deep Convection, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.71, issue.10, pp.3767-3787, 2014.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0017.1

C. Lac, F. Bonnardot, O. Connan, C. Camail, D. Maro et al., Evaluation of a mesoscale dispersion modelling tool during the CAPITOUL experiment, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.54, issue.3-4, pp.263-287, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0490:VDFSAE>2.0.CO;2

F. Lascaux, E. Richard, and J. Pinty, Numerical simulations of three different MAP IOPs and the associated microphysical processes, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.80, issue.619
DOI : 10.1256/qj.05.197

R. , Meteor. Soc, vol.132, 1907.

F. Lascaux, E. Masciadri, and S. Hagelin, Mesoscale optical turbulence simulations at Dome C: refinements, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.120, issue.4, pp.1714-1718, 2010.
DOI : 10.1142/9781848164864_0020

URL : https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/403/4/1714/18574229/mnras0403-1714.pdf

F. Lascaux, E. Masciadri, and S. Hagelin, Mesoscale optical turbulence simulations above Dome C, Dome A and South Pole, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.120, issue.1, pp.693-704, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/528808

URL : https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/411/1/693/3540698/mnras0411-0693.pdf

F. Lascaux, E. Masciadri, and L. Fini, MOSE: operational forecast of the optical turbulence and atmospheric parameters at European Southern Observatory ground-based sites ??? II. Atmospheric parameters in the surface layer 0???30???m, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.72, issue.4, pp.3147-3166, 1803.
DOI : 10.1007/s007030050016

T. Lauvaux, M. Uliasz, C. Sarrat, F. Chevallier, P. Bousquet et al., Mesoscale Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

A. Lemonsu and V. Masson, Simulation of a summer urban breeze over Paris, Bound.-Layer. Meteor, pp.463-490, 2002.

A. Lemonsu, S. Bastin, V. Masson, and P. Drobinski, Vertical structure of the urban boundary layer over Marseille under sea-breeze conditions, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, pp.477-501, 2006.

A. Lemonsu, G. Pigeon, V. Masson, and C. Moppert, Sea-town interactions over Marseille: 3D urban boundary layer and thermodynamic Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: The role of solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry, pp.1-26, 1999.

I. Mallet, J. Cammas, P. Mascart, and P. Bechtold, Effects of cloud diabatic heating on the early development of the FASTEX IOP17 cyclone, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.2, issue.561, pp.3439-3467, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712454511

J. Mandel, J. Beezley, and A. Kochanski, Coupled atmosphere-wildland fire modeling with WRF 3.3 and SFIRE, 2011.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

C. Mari, M. J. Evans, P. I. Palmer, D. J. Jacob, and G. W. Sachse, Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.D20, 2004.
DOI : 10.3402/tellusb.v42i1.15191

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136351

P. Marsaleix, F. Auclair, J. W. Floor, M. J. Herrmann, C. Estournel et al., Energy conservation issues in sigma-35 coordinate free-surface ocean models, Ocean Modelling, pp.61-89, 2008.

T. C. Marshall, M. Stolzenburg, C. R. Maggio, L. M. Coleman, P. R. Krehbiel et al., Observed electric fields associated with lightning initiation, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.22, issue.47, pp.10-129, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD03545

B. Marticorena and G. Bergametti, Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.2, issue.B, pp.16-415, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/JB084iB09p04643

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02324491

G. Martin, D. Johnson, and A. Spice, The Measurement and Parameterization of Effective Radius of Droplets in Warm Stratocumulus Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.51, issue.13, pp.1823-1842, 1994.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1823:TMAPOE>2.0.CO;2

E. Masciadri, F. Lascaux, and L. Fini, MOSE: operational forecast of the optical turbulence and atmospheric parameters at European Southern Observatory ground-based sites ??? I. Overview and vertical stratification of atmospheric parameters at 0???20???km, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.132, issue.3
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06731.x

. Astron and . Soc, , 1708.

E. Masciadri, F. Lascaux, A. Turchi, and L. Fini, Optical turbulence forecast: ready for an operational application, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.132, issue.1, pp.520-539, 2017.
DOI : 10.1086/658201

V. Masson, A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models, Boundary-layer meteorology, pp.357-397, 2000.

V. Masson, L. Gomes, G. Pigeon, C. Liousse, V. Pont et al., The Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer (CAPITOUL) experiment, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.102, issue.10, pp.135-157, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1679

V. Masson, P. Le-moigne, E. Martin, S. Faroux, A. Alias et al., The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes, Geoscientific Model Development, vol.6, issue.4, pp.929-960, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013-supplement

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00968042

V. Masson, Y. Lion, A. Peter, G. Pigeon, J. Buyck et al., ???Grand Paris???: regional landscape change to adapt city to climate warming, Climatic Change, vol.42, issue.10, 2002.
DOI : 10.1021/es702969f

D. Mironov, E. Heise, E. Kourzeneva, B. Ritter, N. Schneider et al., Implementation of the lake parameterisation saheme FLake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO, 2010.

E. J. Mlawer, S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.52, issue.D14, pp.663-679, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00864037

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

M. Mokhtari, L. Gomes, P. Tulet, R. , and T. , Importance of the surface size distribution of erodible material: an improvement on the Dust Entrainment And Deposition (DEAD) Model, Geoscientific Model Development, pp.581-598, 2012.

G. Molinié, J. P. Pinty, R. , and F. , Some microphysical and electrical aspects of a Cloud Resolving Model: description and thunderstorm case study, Comptes Rendus Physique, vol.3, issue.10, pp.1-20, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01409-3

J. Morcrette, H. Barker, J. Cole, M. Iacono, P. et al., Impact of a new radiation package, McRad, in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System, Monthly weather review, pp.4773-4798, 2008.

J. Morcrette, Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.53, issue.D5, pp.9121-9132, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(77)90031-6

J. Morcrette, The Surface Downward Longwave Radiation in the ECMWF Forecast System, Journal of Climate, vol.15, issue.14, pp.1875-1892, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1875:TSDLRI>2.0.CO;2

C. Mouchel-vallon, L. Deguillaume, A. Monod, H. Perrous, C. Rose et al., CLEPS: A new protocol for aqueous phase oxidation of VOC mechanisms, Geosci. Model Dev, pp.1339-1362, 1339.

A. Nenes, S. N. Pandis, and C. Pilinis, ISORROPIA: A new thermodynamic equilibrium model for multiphase multicomponent inorganic aerosols, Aquatic geochemistry, pp.123-152, 1998.

L. Niemeyer, L. Pietronero, and H. J. Wiesmann, Fractal Dimension of Dielectric Breakdown, Physical Review Letters, vol.27, issue.12, pp.1033-1036, 1984.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.27.1495

J. Noilhan and S. Planton, A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface Processes for Meteorological Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.117, issue.3, pp.536-549, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<0536:ASPOLS>2.0.CO;2

O. Nuissier, R. F. Rogers, R. , and F. , A numerical simulation of Hurricane<I> Bret</I> on 22???23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.57, issue.605, pp.155-194, 2005.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.02.233

J. Ovadnevaite, G. De-leeuw, D. Ceburnis, C. Monahan, A. Partanen et al., A sea spray aerosol flux parameterization encapsulating wave state, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.14, issue.4, p.1837, 2014.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-14-1837-2014

F. Pantillon, P. Mascart, J. Chaboureau, C. Lac, J. Escobar et al., Seamless MESO-NH modeling over very large grids

. Mecanique, , pp.136-140, 2011.

F. Pantillon, J. Chaboureau, C. Lac, and P. Mascart, (2006), Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.67, issue.671, pp.370-386, 1974.
DOI : 10.1175/2009JAS3093.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00923941

E. Perraud, F. Couvreux, S. Malardel, C. Lac, V. Masson et al., Evaluation of Statistical Distributions for the Parametrization of Subgrid Boundary-Layer Clouds, Bound.-Layer. Meteor, pp.263-294, 2011.

V. T. Phillips, P. J. Demott, and C. Andronache, An Empirical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation for Multiple Chemical Species of Aerosol, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.65, issue.9, pp.2757-2783, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JAS2546.1

G. Pigeon, A. Lemonsu, C. S. Grimmond, P. Durrand, O. Thouron et al., Divergence of turbulent fluxes in the surface layer

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

J. Pinty and P. Jabouille, A mixed-phased cloud parameterization for use in a mesoscale non-hydrostatic model: simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitation, Conf. on Cloud Physics, pp.217-220, 1998.

J. Pinty, S. Cosma, J. Cohard, E. Richard, and J. Chaboureau, CCN sensitivity of a warm precipitation event over fine scale orography with an advanced microphysical scheme, Atmospheric Research, vol.59, issue.60, pp.419-446, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00128-4

J. Pinty, C. Barthe, E. Defer, E. Richard, C. et al., Explicit simulation of electrified clouds: From idealized to real case studies, Atmospheric Research, vol.123, pp.82-92, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00961371

J. Redelsperger and G. Sommeria, Methode de representation de la turbulence associee aux precipitations dans un modele tri-dimensionnel de convection nuageuse, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, pp.231-252, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00121669

J. Redelsperger and G. Sommeria, Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Convective Storm: Sensitivity Studies on Subgrid Parameterization and Spatial Resolution, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.43, issue.22, pp.2619-2635, 1986.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<2619:TDSOAC>2.0.CO;2

J. Redelsperger, P. R. Brown, F. Guichard, C. Hoff, M. Kawasima et al., A gcss model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. I: Cloud-resolving models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.105, issue.564, pp.823-863, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656404

J. Redelsperger, F. Mahe, C. , and P. , A simple and general subgrid model suitable both for surface layer and free-stream turbulence, Bound.-Layer. Meteor, pp.375-408, 2001.

D. Ricard, C. Lac, S. Riette, R. Legrand, M. et al., Kinetic energy spectra characteristics of two convection-permitting limited-area models AROME and Meso-NH, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.61, issue.674, pp.1327-1341, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1816:TNMITT>2.0.CO;2

E. Richard, S. Cosma, R. Benoit, P. Binder, A. Buzzi et al., Intercomparison of mesoscale meteorological models for precipitation forecasting, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, pp.799-811, 2003.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-7-799-2003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330864

E. Richard, J. Chaboureau, C. Flamant, C. Champollion, M. Hagen et al., Forecasting summer convection over the Black Forest: a case study from the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) experiment, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.130, issue.S1, pp.101-117, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1423:AIMFCH>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00554400

S. Riette and C. Lac, A New Framework to Compare Mass-Flux Schemes Within the AROME Numerical Weather Prediction Model, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, pp.269-297, 2010.

J. Rysman, C. Claud, J. Chaboureau, J. Delanoë, and B. M. Funatsu, Severe convection in the Mediterranean from microwave observations and a convection-permitting model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.14, pp.43-55, 2016.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<0013:samrsi>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198693

A. Sandu, J. G. Verwer, M. Van-loon, G. R. Carmichael, F. A. Potra et al., Benchmarking stiff order ode solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems II: Rosenbrock solvers, Atmos. Environ, vol.3197, pp.3459-3472, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/s1352-2310(97)83212-8

URL : https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/125/0125D.pdf

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

I. Sandu, J. Brenguier, O. Geoffroy, O. Thouron, and V. Masson, Aerosol Impacts on the Diurnal Cycle of Marine Stratocumulus, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.65, issue.8
DOI : 10.1175/2008JAS2451.1

. Atmos and . Sci, , pp.2705-2718, 2008.

I. Sandu, J. Brenguier, O. Thouron, and B. Stevens, How important is the vertical structure for the representation of aerosol impacts on the diurnal cycle of marine stratocumulus?, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.12, pp.4039-4052, 2009.

P. A. Santoni, A. Simeoni, J. L. Rossi, F. Bosseur, F. Morandini et al., Instrumentation of wildland fire: Characterisation of a fire spreading through a Mediterranean shrub, Fire Safety Journal, vol.41, issue.3, pp.171-184, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.010

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00192160

C. Sarrat, A. Lemonsu, V. Masson, and D. Guedalia, Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution, Atmospheric Environment, vol.40, issue.10, pp.1743-1758, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.037

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519530

C. Sarrat, J. Noilhan, A. J. Dolman, C. Gerbig, R. Ahmadov et al., Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> modeling at the regional scale: an intercomparison of 5 meso-scale atmospheric models, Biogeosciences, vol.4, issue.6, pp.1115-1126, 1115.
DOI : 10.5194/bg-4-1115-2007

URL : https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-1923-2007

C. Sarrat, J. Noilhan, P. Lacarrère, S. Donier, C. Lac et al., Atmospheric CO2 modeling at the regional scale: Application to the CarboEurope Regional Experiment, J. Geophys. Res, vol.112, pp.12-104, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2006jd008107

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006JD008107/pdf

C. Sarrat, J. Noilhan, P. Lacarrère, A. J. Dolman, C. Gerbig et al., Mesoscale modeling of the CO2 interactions between the surface and the atmosphere applied to the, CERES field experiment Biogeosciences, vol.6633, issue.6, pp.633-646, 2007.

C. Sarrat, J. Noilhan, P. Lacarrère, V. Masson, E. Ceschia et al., CO<sub>2</sub> budgeting at the regional scale using a Lagrangian experimental strategy and meso-scale modeling, CO2 budgeting at the regional scale using a Lagrangian experimental strategy and meso-scale modeling, pp.113-127
DOI : 10.5194/bg-6-113-2009

URL : https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-2931-2008

C. Sarrat, S. Aubry, T. Chaboud, and C. Lac, Modelling Airport Pollutants Dispersion at High Resolution, 2017.
DOI : 10.3390/aerospace4030046

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01632561

C. P. Saunders and S. L. Peck, Laboratory studies of the influence of the rime accretion rate on charge transfer during crystal/graupel collisions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.33, issue.10, pp.949-962, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8095(94)90010-8

C. P. Saunders, W. D. Keith, R. P. Mitzeva, S. A. Schäfer, R. J. Hogan et al., The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging Representing 3-D cloud radiation effects in two-stream schemes, J. Geophys. Res, vol.96, issue.11, pp.7-11

, Longwave considerations and effective cloud edge length, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.121, pp.8567-8582, 2016.

C. Schär, D. Leuenberger, O. Fuhrer, D. Lüthi, and C. Girard, A New Terrain-Following Vertical Coordinate Formulation for Atmospheric Prediction Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.130, issue.10, pp.2459-2480, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2459:ANTFVC>2.0.CO;2

R. Schoetter, V. Masson, A. Bourgeois, M. Pellegrino, and J. Lévy, Parametrisation of the variety of human behaviour related to building energy consumption in TEB (SURFEX v. 8.2), Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, pp.1-44, 2017.
DOI : 10.5194/gmd-2017-78-RC2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01570153

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

Y. Seity, P. Brousseau, S. Malardel, G. Hello, P. Bénard et al., The AROME-France Convective-Scale Operational Model, Monthly Weather Review, vol.139, issue.3, pp.976-991, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2010MWR3425.1

J. K. Shonk and R. J. Hogan, Tripleclouds: An Efficient Method for Representing Horizontal Cloud Inhomogeneity in 1D Radiation Schemes by Using Three Regions at Each Height, Journal of Climate, vol.21, issue.11, pp.2352-2370, 1427.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JCLI1940.1

W. C. Skamarock, Evaluating Mesoscale NWP Models Using Kinetic Energy Spectra, Monthly Weather Review, vol.132, issue.12, pp.3019-3032, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR2830.1

W. C. Skamarock, Positive-Definite and Monotonic Limiters for Unrestricted-Time-Step Transport Schemes, Monthly Weather Review, vol.134, issue.8, pp.2241-2250, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR3170.1

W. C. Skamarock and J. B. Klemp, A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.227, issue.7, pp.3465-3485, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.037

W. C. Skamarock, P. K. Smolarkiewicz, and J. B. Klemp, Preconditioned Conjugate-Residual Solvers for Helmholtz Equations in Nonhydrostatic Models, Monthly Weather Review, vol.125, issue.4, pp.587-599, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0587:PCRSFH>2.0.CO;2

A. Slingo, A GCM Parameterization for the Shortwave Radiative Properties of Water Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.46, issue.10, pp.1419-1427, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1419:AGPFTS>2.0.CO;2

E. A. Smith and L. Shi, Surface Forcing of the Infrared Cooling Profile over the Tibetan Plateau. Part I: Influence of Relative Longwave Radiative Heating at High Altitude, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.49, issue.10, pp.805-822, 1992.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0805:SFOTIC>2.0.CO;2

P. Soares, P. Miranda, A. Siebesma, and J. Teixeira, An eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux parametrization for dry and shallow cumulus convection, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.30, issue.604, pp.3365-3383, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.223

URL : https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1256/qj.03.223

G. Sommeria and J. Deardorff, Subgrid-Scale Condensation in Models of Nonprecipitating Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.34, issue.2, pp.344-355, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<0344:SSCIMO>2.0.CO;2

J. Staufer, G. Broquet, F. Bréon, V. Puygrenier, F. Chevallier et al., The first 1-year-long estimate of the Paris region fossil fuel CO2 emissions based on atmospheric inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.16, issue.14, pp.703-717, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01587356

J. Stein, E. Richard, J. Lafore, J. Pinty, N. Asencio et al., High-Resolution Non-Hydrostatic Simulations of Flash-Flood Episodes with Grid-Nesting and Ice-Phase Parameterization, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.72, issue.2-4, pp.203-221, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s007030050016

O. Stein, J. Flemming, A. Inness, J. W. Kaiser, and M. G. Schultz, Global reactive gases forecasts and reanalysis in the MACC project, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, vol.9, issue.sup1, pp.57-70, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z

B. Stevens, A. S. Ackerman, B. A. Albrecht, A. R. Brown, A. Chlond et al., Simulations of Trade Wind Cumuli under a Strong Inversion, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.58, issue.14
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1870:SOTWCU>2.0.CO;2

. Sci, SOTWCU>2.0.CO, pp.1870-18911520, 2001.

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

I. D. Stewart and T. R. Oke, Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies, Bulletin of the, pp.1879-1900, 2012.

W. R. Stockwell, C. V. Lawson, E. Saunders, and W. S. Goliff, A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modelling, J
DOI : 10.1029/97jd00849

, Geophys. Res, vol.102, issue.D22, pp.847-879, 1997.

S. Stolaki, M. Haeffelin, C. Lac, J. Dupont, T. Elias et al., Influence of aerosols on the life cycle of a radiation fog event. A numerical and observational study, Atmospheric Research, vol.151, pp.146-161, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.013

S. Strada, C. Mari, J. Filippi, and F. Bosseur, Wildfire and the atmosphere: Modelling the chemical and dynamic interactions at the regional scale, Atmospheric Environment, vol.51, pp.234-249, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.023

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00667475

K. Suhre, M. Andreae, R. , and R. , Biogenic sulfur emissions and aerosols over the tropical South Atlantic: 2. One-dimensional simulation of sulfur chemistry in the marine boundary layer, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, issue.D5, pp.11-323, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/j100410a034

K. Suhre, C. Mari, T. S. Bates, J. E. Johnson, R. Rosset et al., Physico-chemical modeling of the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) Lagrangian B: 1. A moving column approach, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.101, issue.D13, pp.433-449, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD03356

Z. Sun, Parametrization of effective sizes of cirrus-cloud particles and its verification against observations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.13, issue.560, pp.3037-3055, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712556012

Z. Sun and L. Rikus, Parametrization of effective sizes of cirrus-cloud particles and its verification against observations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.13, issue.560, pp.3037-3055, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712556012

G. Svensson, A. Holtslag, V. Kumar, T. Mauritsen, G. Steeneveld et al., , p.20

L. Conangla, J. Cuxart, M. Ek, M. Falk, F. Freedman et al., Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land as Represented by a Variety of Single-Column Models: The Second GABLS Experiment, Bound.-Layer. Meteor, vol.140, pp.177-206, 2011.

N. Söhne, J. Chaboureau, and F. Guichard, Verification of Cloud Cover Forecast with Satellite Observation over West Africa, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.11
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2432.1

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

B. Tsenova, D. Barakova, and R. Mitzeva, Numerical study on the effect of charge separation at low cloud temperature and effective water content on thunderstorm electrification, Atmospheric Research, vol.184, pp.1-14, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.09.011

P. Tulet, V. Crassier, F. Solmon, D. Guedalia, R. et al., Description of the Mesoscale Nonhydrostatic Chemistry model and application to a transboundary pollution episode between northern France and southern England, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.2, issue.D22, 1029.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136468

P. Tulet, K. Crahan-kakua, M. Leriche, B. Aouizerats, C. et al., Mixing of dust aerosols into a mesoscale convective system, Atmospheric Research, vol.96, issue.2-3, pp.302-314, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.09.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987566

A. Turchi, E. Masciadri, and L. Fini, Forecasting surface-layer atmospheric parameters at the Large Binocular Telescope site, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.9909, issue.2, 1925.
DOI : 10.1117/12.2231273

URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.07341

S. Turner, J. Brenguier, and C. Lac, A subgrid parameterization scheme for precipitation, Geoscientific Model Development, vol.5, issue.2, pp.499-521, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002679

S. Valcke, T. Craig, C. , and L. , OASIS3-MCT User Guide, OASIS3-MCT-3.0, Tech. rep, 2015.

A. Varble, A. M. Fridlind, E. J. Zipser, A. S. Ackerman, J. Chaboureau et al., Evaluation of Cloud-Resolving Model Intercomparison Simulations Using TWP-ICE Observations: Precipitation and Cloud Structure

. Geophys and . Res, , pp.10-1029, 2011.

A. Varble, E. J. Zipser, A. M. Fridlind, P. Zhu, A. S. Ackerman et al., Evaluation 25 of cloud-resolving and limited area model intercomparison simulations using TWP-ICE observations. Part 1: Deep convective updraft properties, J. Geophys. Res, vol.119918, issue.13, pp.891-904, 2014.

A. Varble, E. J. Zipser, A. M. Fridlind, P. Zhu, A. S. Ackerman et al., Evaluation of cloud-resolving and limited area model intercomparison simulations using TWP-ICE observations. Part 2: Precipitation microphysics, J. Geophys. Res, vol.119945, issue.13, pp.919-932, 2014.

A. Verrelle, D. Ricard, and C. Lac, Sensitivity of high-resolution idealized simulations of thunderstorms to horizontal resolution and turbulence parametrization, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.140, issue.687, pp.433-448, 2015.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00029.1

A. Verrelle, D. Ricard, and C. Lac, Evaluation and improvement of turbulence parametrization inside deep convective clouds, Monthly Weather Review, 2017.

B. Vincendon, V. Ducrocq, S. Dierer, V. Kotroni, L. Lay et al., Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

V. Vionnet, E. Martin, V. Masson, G. Guyomarc-'h, F. Naaim-bouvet et al., Simulation of wind-induced snow transport and sublimation in alpine terrain using a fully coupled snowpack/atmosphere model, The Cryosphere, pp.395-415, 2014.

V. Vionnet, E. Martin, V. Masson, C. Lac, F. Naaim-bouvet et al., High-Resolution Large Eddy Simulation of Snow Accumulation in Alpine Terrain, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.134, issue.634, 2017.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.267

B. Vié, J. Pinty, S. Berthet, and M. Leriche, LIMA (v1.0): A quasi two-moment microphysical scheme driven by a multimodal population of cloud condensation and ice freezing nuclei, Geoscientific Model Development, vol.9, issue.2, pp.567-586, 2016.
DOI : 10.5194/gmd-9-567-2016-supplement

A. Voldoire, B. Decharme, J. Pianezze, C. Lebeaupin-brossier, F. Sevault et al., The seamless and multi-model coupling between atmosphere, land, hydrology, ocean, waves and seaice models based on SURFEX surface model using OASIS3-MCT, Geosci. Model Dev
DOI : 10.5194/gmd-2017-91

URL : https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-91

H. Vérèmes, J. Cammas, J. Baray, P. Keckhut, C. Barthe et al., Multiple subtropical stratospheric intrusions over Reunion Island: observational, Lagrangian and Eulerian numerical modeling approaches, J. Geophys. Res, vol.121, issue.14, pp.414-428, 2016.

K. Wapler and B. Mayer, A Fast Three-Dimensional Approximation for the Calculation of Surface Irradiance in Large-Eddy Simulation Models, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, vol.47, issue.12, pp.3061-3071, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JAMC1842.1

M. Wesely, Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmospheric Environment (1967), vol.23, issue.6, pp.1293-1304, 1967.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4

E. R. Whitby, P. Mcmurry, U. Shankar, and F. Binkowski, Modal Aerosol Dynamics Modeling, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.40, issue.6, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-8502(93)90002-Q

URL : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02786829708965504?needAccess=true

L. J. Wicker and W. C. Skamarock, Time-Splitting Methods for Elastic Models Using Forward Time Schemes, Monthly Weather Review, vol.130, issue.8, pp.2088-2097, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2088:TSMFEM>2.0.CO;2

G. Wilemski, Composition of the critical nucleus in multicomponent vapor nucleation, The Journal of chemical physics, pp.1370-1372, 1984.

S. J. Woolnough, P. Blossey, K. Xu, P. Bechtold, J. Chaboureau et al., Modelling convective processes during the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation: Comparing single-column models with cloud-resolving models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.19, issue.48, pp.333-353, 2010.
DOI : 10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539

S. C. Xie, K. M. Xu, R. T. Cederwall, P. Bechtold, D. Genio et al.,

S. K. Krueger, U. Lohmann, J. C. Petch, D. A. Randall, L. D. Rotstayn et al., Intercomparison and evaluation of cumulus parametrizations under summertime midlatitude continental conditions, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, vol.128, pp.1095-1135, 2002.

M. Xue, K. K. Droegemeier, and V. Wong, The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multi-scale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction model. Part I: Model dynamics and verification, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.75, issue.3-4, pp.161-193, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s007030070003

M. Xue, K. K. Droegemeier, V. Wong, A. Shapiro, K. Brewster et al., The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multi-scale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part II: Model physics and applications, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.76, issue.1-4, pp.143-165, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s007030170027

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.

P. Yang, L. Bi, B. A. Baum, K. Liou, G. W. Kattawar et al., m, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.70, issue.1, pp.330-347, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-12-039.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00585464

C. S. Zender, H. Bian, and D. Newman, Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.1, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00236-8

. Geosci, Model Dev. Discuss

, c Author(s), Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Discussion started, 2018.