A. Mcbride, D. Athanazio, M. Reis, and A. Ko, Leptospirosis, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, vol.18, issue.5, pp.376-386, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c

M. Kuriakose, R. Paul, M. Joseph, S. Sugathan, and T. Sudha, Leptospirosis in a midland rural area of Kerala State, Indian J Med Res, vol.128, pp.307-312, 2008.

H. Lacerda, G. Monteiro, C. Oliveira, F. Suassuna, and J. Queiroz, Leptospirosis in a subsistence farming community in Brazil, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.102, issue.12, pp.1233-1238, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.010

A. Ko, G. Reis, M. , R. Dourado, C. Johnson et al., Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil, The Lancet, vol.354, issue.9181, pp.820-825, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)80012-9

L. Riley, A. Ko, A. Unger, and M. Reis, Slum health: Diseases of neglected populations, BMC International Health and Human Rights, vol.79, issue.12, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/00001888-200412000-00003

R. Reis, G. Ribeiro, R. Felzemburgh, F. Santana, and S. Mohr, Impact of Environment and Social Gradient on Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.2, issue.4, p.228, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000228.s003

R. Trevejo, J. Rigau-perez, D. Ashford, E. Mcclure, and C. Jarquin-gonzalez, Epidemic Leptospirosis Associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage???Nicaragua, 1995, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.178, issue.5, pp.1457-1463, 1995.
DOI : 10.1086/314424

G. Pappas, P. Papadimitriou, V. Siozopoulou, L. Christou, and N. Akritidis, The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.12, issue.4, pp.351-357, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.09.011

W. Tassinari, D. Pellegrini, C. Sá, R. Reis, and A. Ko, Detection and modelling of case clusters for urban leptospirosis, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol.59, issue.4, pp.503-512, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02028.x

E. Sanders, J. Rigau-perez, H. Smits, C. Deseda, and V. Vorndam, Increase of leptospirosis in dengue-negative patients after a hurricane in Puerto Rico in 1966, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.61, pp.399-404, 1999.

S. Opdl, El Fenómeno El Niñ o en Ecuador. Fenómeno El Niño, 1997.

C. Storck, D. Postic, I. Lamaury, and J. M. , Changes in epidemiology of leptospirosis in 2003?2004, a two El Niñ o Southern Oscillation period, Guadeloupe archipelago, French West Indies, Epidemiol Infect, vol.136, pp.1407-1415, 2008.

J. Morgan, S. Bornstein, A. Karpati, M. Bruce, and C. Bolin, Outbreak of Leptospirosis among Triathlon Participants and Community Residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.34, issue.12, pp.1593-1599, 1998.
DOI : 10.1086/340615

J. Sejvar, E. Bancroft, K. Winthrop, J. Bettinger, and M. Bajani, Leptospirosis in ???Eco-Challenge??? Athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.9, issue.6, pp.702-707, 2000.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0906.020751

P. Laporte, A. Michault, J. Galtier, R. Lefait-robin, and P. Aucher, Leptospirosis in Mayotte, Bull Soc Pathol Exot, vol.83, pp.637-641, 1990.

E. Kmety and H. Dikken, Classification of the species Leptospira interrogans and history of its serovars, 1993.

G. Cerqueira and M. Picardeau, A century of Leptospira strain typing, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.9, issue.5, pp.760-768, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.009

H. Ellinghausen and W. Mccullough, Nutrition of Leptospira pomona and growth of 13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin and polysorbate 80, Am J Vet Res, vol.26, pp.45-51, 1965.

R. Johnson and F. Rogers, Differentiation of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires with 8-azaguanine, J Bacteriol, vol.88, pp.1618-1623, 1964.

H. Dikken, E. Kmety, and J. Norris, Serological typing methods of leptospires, Methods in Microbiology, pp.259-307, 1978.

P. Ristow, P. Bourhy, F. Da-cruz-mcbride, C. Figueira, and M. Huerre, The OmpA-Like Protein Loa22 Is Essential for Leptospiral Virulence, PLoS Pathogens, vol.68, issue.7, p.97, 2007.
DOI : 0019-9567(2000)068[2276:TLMOMP]2.0.CO;2

L. Smythe, I. Smith, G. Smith, M. Dohnt, and M. Symonds, A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic Leptospira spp, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.32, issue.1, p.13, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/172.1.281

F. Mérien, P. Amouriaux, P. Perolat, and G. Baranton, Saint Girons I (1992) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp

G. Cerqueira, A. Mcbride, M. Picardeau, S. Ribeiro, and A. Moreira, Distribution of the Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira spp. and application of ligB to typing leptospiral isolates, 2009.

L. Salaün, F. Mérien, S. Gurianova, G. Baranton, and M. Picardeau, Application of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Typing of the Agent of Leptospirosis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.44, issue.11, pp.3954-3962, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.00336-06

B. Davidson and J. Macdougall, Physical map of the linear chromosome of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi 212, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and localization of rRNA genes., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.174, issue.11, pp.3766-3774
DOI : 10.1128/jb.174.11.3766-3774.1992

J. Herrmann, E. Bellenger, P. Perolat, and G. Baranton, Saint Girons I (1992) Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification, J Clin Microbiol, vol.30, pp.1696-1702

R. Zuerner and J. Herrmann, Comparison of genetic maps for two Leptospira interrogans serovars provides evidence for two chromosomes and intraspecies heterogeneity., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.175, issue.17, pp.5445-5451
DOI : 10.1128/jb.175.17.5445-5451.1993

R. Galloway and P. Levett, Evaluation of a modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis approach for the identification of Leptospira serovars, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.78, pp.628-632, 2008.

F. Tenover, R. Arbeit, R. Goering, P. Mickelsen, and B. Murray, Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing, J Clin Microbiol, vol.33, pp.2233-2239, 1995.

S. Feresu, A. Steigerwalt, and D. Brenner, DNA relatedness of Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.49, issue.3, pp.1111-1117, 1999.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1111

S. Feresu, H. Korver, N. Riquelme, G. Baranton, and C. Bolin, Two New Leptospiral Serovars in the Hebdomadis Serogroup Isolated from Zimbabwe Cattle, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.46, issue.3, pp.694-698, 1996.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-46-3-694

C. Sonrier, C. Branger, V. Michel, N. Ruvoën-clouet, and J. Ganière, Evidence of cross-protection within Leptospira interrogans in an experimental model, Vaccine, vol.19, issue.1, pp.86-94, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00129-8

M. Yukawa, K. Mochizuki, and S. Imamura, Susceptibility of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) to leptospires and the protective effect of vaccination, Veterinary Microbiology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.63-71, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-1135(90)90051-V

V. Wuthiekanun, W. Chierakul, D. Limmathurotsakul, L. Smythe, and M. Symonds, Optimization of Culture of Leptospira from Humans with Leptospirosis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.45, issue.4, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.02430-06

J. Truccolo, O. Serais, F. Merien, and P. Perolat, Following the course of human leptospirosis: evidence of a critical threshold for the vital prognosis using a quantitative PCR assay, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.204, issue.2, pp.17-321, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10904.x

E. Segura, C. Ganoza, K. Campos, J. Ricaldi, and S. Torres, Clinical Spectrum of Pulmonary Involvement in Leptospirosis in a Region of Endemicity, with Quantification of Leptospiral Burden, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.40, issue.3, pp.343-351, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/427110

D. Brenner, A. Kaufmann, K. Sulzer, A. Steigerwalt, and F. Rogers, Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.49, issue.2, pp.839-858, 1999.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-49-2-839

G. Mgode, R. Machang-'u, M. Goris, M. Engelbert, and S. Sondij, New Leptospira serovar Sokoine of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae from cattle in Tanzania, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, vol.56, issue.3, pp.593-597, 2006.
DOI : 10.1099/ijs.0.63278-0

A. De-la-peñ-a-moctezuma, D. Bulach, T. Kalambaheti, and B. Adler, Comparative analysis of the LPS biosynthetic loci of the genetic subtypes of serovar Hardjo: Leptospira interrogans subtype Hardjoprajitno and Leptospira borgpetersenii subtype Hardjobovis, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.177, issue.2, pp.319-326, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00333-X

J. Herrmann, P. Bakoss, H. Korver, A. Bulu, and E. Bellenger, A New Serovar in the Grippotyphosa Serogroup Comprising Leptospiral Isolates from Different Regions, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.44, issue.2, pp.362-364, 1994.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-44-2-362

A. Slack, R. Galloway, M. Symonds, M. Dohnt, and L. Smythe, Reclassification of Leptospira meyeri serovar Perameles to Leptospira interrogans serovar Perameles through serological and molecular analysis: evidence of a need for changes to current procedures in Leptospira taxonomy, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, vol.59, issue.5, pp.1199-1203, 2009.
DOI : 10.1099/ijs.0.000992-0

S. Faine, B. Adler, C. Bolin, and P. Perolat, Leptospira and leptospirosis, 1999.

R. Ralaiarijaona, E. Bellenger, S. Chanteau, F. Roger, and P. Pérolat, Detection of leptospirosis reservoirs in Madagascar using the polymerase chain reaction technique, Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar, vol.67, pp.34-36, 2001.

K. Sergon, C. Njuguna, R. Kalani, V. Ofula, and C. Onyango, Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.78, pp.333-337, 2004.

D. Sissoko, C. Giry, P. Gabrie, A. Tarantola, and F. Pettinelli, Rift Valley Fever, Mayotte, 2007???2008, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.4, pp.568-570, 2007.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1504.081045
URL : http://doi.org/10.3201/eid1504.081045

A. Charton, Contribution a ` l'e ´tude e ´pidémiologique des leptospiroses: le cas de l'? ?le de Mayotte, 1992.