P. Parola, C. Paddock, C. Socolovschi, M. Labruna, O. Mediannikov et al., Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.26, issue.4, pp.657-702, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00032-13
URL : http://cmr.asm.org/content/27/1/166.full.pdf

P. Fournier, V. Roux, and D. Raoult, Phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae by study of the outer surface protein rOmpA, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.48, issue.3, pp.48839-849, 1998.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-48-3-839

P. Parola, G. Vestris, D. Martinez, B. Brochier, V. Roux et al., Tick-borne rickettiosis in Guadeloupe, the French West Indies: isolation of Rickettsia africae from Amblyomma variegatum ticks and serosurvey in humans, cattle, and goats., The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.60, issue.6, pp.888-893, 1999.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.888

P. Parola and N. Barre, Rickettsia africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever: an emerging pathogen in the West Indies and reunion island (Indian ocean), Bull Soc Pathol Exot, vol.97, pp.193-198, 2004.

P. Parola, Rickettsioses in Sub-Saharan Africa, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.11, issue.1, pp.42-47, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/319347

A. Mura, C. Socolovschi, J. Ginesta, B. Lafrance, S. Magnan et al., Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from Ethiopia and Chad, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.12, issue.9, pp.945-949, 2008.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1201.050850
URL : https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-pdf/102/9/945/5337019/102-9-945.pdf

L. Ndip, E. Fokam, D. Bouyer, R. Ndip, V. Titanji et al., Detection of Rickettsia africae in patients and ticks along the coastal region of Cameroon, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.71, pp.363-366, 2004.

C. Eldin, O. Mediannikov, B. Davoust, O. Cabre, N. Barre et al., , Oceania, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.17, issue.1, pp.100-102, 2011.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1701.101081

P. Kelly, in the West Indies, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.12, issue.2, pp.224-226, 2006.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1202.050903
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00739785

M. Jensenius, P. Fournier, P. Kelly, B. Myrvang, and D. Raoult, African tick bite fever, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.3, issue.9, pp.557-564, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00739-4

N. Barre, G. Garris, and E. Camus, Propagation of the tick Amblyomma variegatum in the Caribbean, Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, vol.14, issue.3, pp.841-855, 1995.
DOI : 10.20506/rst.14.3.883

P. Fournier, E. Karkouri, K. Leroy, Q. Robert, C. Giumelli et al., Analysis of the Rickettsia africae genome reveals that virulence acquisition in Rickettsia species may be explained by genome reduction, BMC Genomics, vol.10, issue.1, p.166, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-10-166

A. Yssouf, E. Lagadec, A. Bakari, C. Foray, F. Stachurski et al., Colonization of Grande Comore Island by a lineage of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Parasit Vectors, p.38, 2011.
DOI : 10.1186/1756-3305-4-38
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274611

A. Walker, A. Bouattour, J. Camicas, A. Estrada-pena, I. Horak et al., Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species, Bioscience Reports, 2003.

C. Socolovschi, F. Pages, and D. Raoult, Mosquitoes, Libreville, Gabon, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.18, issue.10, pp.1687-1689, 2012.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1810.120178
URL : https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/10/pdfs/12-0178.pdf

Y. Bechah, C. Socolovschi, and D. Raoult, Identification of Rickettsial Infections by Using Cutaneous Swab Specimens and PCR, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.17, issue.1, pp.83-86, 2011.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1701.100854
URL : https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/1/pdfs/10-0854.pdf

C. Socolovschi, J. Gomez, J. Marie, B. Davoust, P. Guigal et al., Ehrlichia canis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in the Ivory Coast, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, vol.3, issue.5-6, pp.411-413, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.005

T. Kernif, A. Djerbouh, O. Mediannikov, B. Ayach, J. Rolain et al., Rickettsia africae in Hyalomma dromedarii ticks from sub-Saharan Algeria, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, vol.3, issue.5-6, pp.377-379, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.013

F. Ronquist and J. Huelsenbeck, MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models, Bioinformatics, vol.19, issue.12, pp.1572-1574, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
URL : https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/19/12/1572/715881/btg180.pdf

G. Lynen, P. Zeman, C. Bakuname, D. Giulio, G. Mtui et al., Cattle ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma of economic importance in Tanzania: distribution assessed with GIS based on an extensive field survey, Experimental and Applied Acarology, vol.39, issue.4, pp.303-319, 2007.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511661754

K. Macaluso, J. Davis, U. Alam, A. Korman, J. Rutherford et al., SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE IN TICKS FROM THE MASAI MARA REGION OF KENYA, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.68, issue.5, pp.551-553, 2003.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.551

O. Mediannikov, G. Diatta, Y. Zolia, M. Balde, H. Kohar et al., Tick-borne rickettsiae in Guinea and Liberia, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, vol.3, issue.1, pp.43-48, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.08.002

J. Camicas, J. Cornet, J. Gonzalez, M. Wilson, F. Adam et al., Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic fever in Senegal. Latest data on the ecology of the CCHF virus, Bull Soc Pathol Exot, vol.87, pp.11-16, 1994.

R. De-deken, V. Martin, A. Saido, M. Madder, J. Brandt et al., An outbreak of East Coast Fever on the Comoros: A consequence of the import of immunised cattle from Tanzania?, Veterinary Parasitology, vol.143, issue.3-4, pp.245-253, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.018

A. Portillo, L. Perez-martinez, S. Santibanez, J. Blanco, V. Ibarra et al., Detection of Rickettsia africae in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the Republic of Botswana, south Africa, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.77, pp.376-377, 2007.

M. Prabhu, W. Nicholson, A. Roche, G. Kersh, K. Fitzpatrick et al., Q Fever, Spotted Fever Group, and Typhus Group Rickettsioses Among Hospitalized Febrile Patients in Northern Tanzania, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.32, issue.6, pp.8-15, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/319347
URL : https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/53/4/e8/1222299/cir411.pdf

V. Roux, E. Rydkina, M. Eremeeva, and D. Raoult, Citrate Synthase Gene Comparison, a New Tool for Phylogenetic Analysis, and Its Application for the Rickettsiae, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.47, issue.2, pp.252-261, 1997.
DOI : 10.1099/00207713-47-2-252

P. Tortosa, H. Pascalis, V. Guernier, E. Cardinale, L. Corre et al., Deciphering arboviral emergence within insular ecosystems, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.12, issue.6, pp.1333-1339, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.03.024
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00842630

, Cite this article as: Yssouf et al.: First molecular detection of Rickettsia africae in ticks from the Union of the Comoros, Parasites & Vectors, 20147.