Background and aims - Jumellea pailleri F.Rakotoar. (Orchidaceae), a new endemic species from the Comoro Archipelago is described and illustrated. Methods - Description and comparison of herbarium material from the herbarium of Comoro and Réunion Islands University (REU) have been done. Key results - Different from other Jumellea species from Comoro Island, J. pailleri resembles to J. bathiei Schltr. and J. ibityana Schltr., which are endemic to Madagascar. A key to identify Jumellea species from Comoro Islands is provided. The new species is illustrated, its distribution is given and its conservation status.